Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is one subclass of lipoproteins. It is the defining protein component of Lp(a) particles. Plasma Lp(a) concentrations have been associated with atherosclerotic and cardiovascular diseases. It has been reported that plasma Lp(a) concentrations are hereditary and have been linked to the highly polymorphic LPA gene located on human chromosome 6. LPA gene contains 10 types of kringles, namely kringle-IV types 1-10 (KIV1-10), that are highly homologous in sequence. Moreover, one type of kringle, KIV2, exhibits a high level of copy number variation. The number of KIV2 repeats can vary from 5 to over 50 among human populations.
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