PCR products and double-stranded DNA were digested with appropriate restriction enzymes to completion to yield 19 bands, ranging from 100 pb – 10 kb, for molecular weight standards in agarose gel electrophoresis. The 500, 1,500, and 3,000 base pair bands have increased intensity to serve as quick reference points. Approximated mass of each DNA band is provided (for a loading size of 5 μl of the DNA ladder) for approximating the mass of DNA in comparably intense DNA samples of similar size.